ABSTRACT

Pharmacogenomic biomarkers have emerged as critical tools in precision medicine, enabling personalized drug therapy by predicting individual responses to medications. These biomarkers, rooted in genetic variations, play a pivotal role in determining drug efficacy and toxicity. Variations in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and targets can significantly influence therapeutic outcomes and adverse drug reactions. For instance, polymorphisms in CYP450 enzymes affect the metabolism of numerous drugs, while genetic variants in HLA alleles are associated with hypersensitivity reactions to specific medications. This abstract explores the integration of pharmacogenomic biomarkers in drug development and clinical practice, focusing on their role in optimizing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing toxicity. By identifying patients at risk of suboptimal responses or adverse effects, these biomarkers enhance the safety and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. However, challenges such as limited biomarker availability, cost, and ethical considerations must be addressed to realize their full potential. The future of pharmacogenomics lies in advancing biomarker discovery, fostering global regulatory frameworks, and integrating genetic testing into routine clinical workflows. Keywords: Pharmacogenomic biomarkers, CYP450 enzymes, HLA alleles. etc.
Publication date: 01/05/2026

https://www.ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/May/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10184.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.5.10184