Dental care serves as essential for sustaining both oral and general health, involving preventive,
diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Dental pain is a prevalent issue among oral diseases, frequently
resulting from caries, pulpitis, or periodontitis, which requires precise diagnosis and treatment. Dental
caries, caused by interactions within microbial biofilms, continues to be a widespread global concern,
addressed through fluoride-based preventive strategies. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory
condition that results in tissue destruction and tooth loss, along with potential systemic health
consequences. Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial burden of dental diseases, exhibiting
varying prevalence across diverse populations. Multiple factors, including dietary habits, inadequate
oral hygiene, and systemic health conditions, contribute to oral health problems such as halitosis,
gingival recession, and dental erosion. Advancements in diagnostic techniques, particularly through
making use of laser technology, have enhanced the early detection of conditions such as caries and
periodontal disease. Considering the pathophysiology of conditions like bacterial biofilm-induced
caries, inflammatory processes in periodontitis, and mechanisms of dentinal hypersensitivity offers
valuable insights for effective prevention and management strategies. Addressing these conditions
through appropriate oral hygiene, timely interventions, and public health measures is essential for
mitigating the global burden of dental diseases. This review presents an analysis of the prevalence,
etiology, pathophysiology, and management of common dental diseases, such as dental caries,
periodontitis, dentinal hypersensitivity, and dental erosion. This study aims to highlight current trends,difficulties, and future prospects in oral health care by providing an overview of recent developments
in diagnostic methods, treatment approaches, and preventative measures.
Keywords: Dental care, Ailments, Periodontitis, Stomatococcus mucilaginous, Ludwig's angina
Publication date: 01/07/2026
https://www.ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/July/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10316.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.7.10316
