ABSTRACT

Marine microalgae, particularly diatoms, represent a significant group of photosynthetic organisms contributing approximately 50% of marine primary production. These unicellular eukaryotes possess ornate silicified shells and demonstrate exceptional potential for biotechnological applications. Microalgae produce diverse high-value compounds including single-cell proteins (lectins), pigments (xanthophylls), bioactive compounds (phlorotannins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, peptides, terpenes), and pharmaceuticals with antimicrobial properties. Due to the global emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, microalgae-derived compounds offer promising alternatives for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutritional supplement, and biofuel industries. Advanced biotechnological processes enable enhanced yields of specialized bioproducts including organic acids, alcohols, and biomaterials. Diatoms serve dual roles in industrial biotechnology for recombinant protein production and as rich sources of natural lipids and carotenoids, while supporting cellular rejuvenation and immune responses. This review examines fatty acid metabolism, biosynthetic pathways, and catalytic enzymes involved in bioactive compound production. Keywords: Microalgae, Diatoms, Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Pigments, Environmental Applications
Publication date: 01/07/2026

https://www.ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/July/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10328.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.7.10328