ABSTRACT

The principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) emphasize reducing hazardous chemicals, minimizing waste, and adopting energy-efficient methods in pharmaceutical quality control. UV spectrophotometry, due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and lower environmental burden, is considered a greener alternative to chromatographic techniques. This review critically evaluates UV spectrophotometric methods for Pregabalin (PGB) and Etoricoxib (ETX) using two greenness metrics: the Analytical GREEnness Metric (AGREE) and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). Eight Pregabalin methods (Refs 1–8) and seven Etoricoxib methods (Refs 9–15) were assessed. Pregabalin methods required derivatization with reagents such as DNPH, MBTH, vanillin, and ninhydrin, typically in hazardous solvents like methanol and DMF. These methods yielded AGREE scores between 0.61 and 0.74, with GAPI pictograms showing red zones in derivatization and solvent use but green in instrumentation. In contrast, Etoricoxib methods relied mostly on direct UV analysis in aqueous or mildly acidic/alkaline media, producing AGREE scores between 0.65 and 0.71, with GAPI profiles dominated by green and yellow fields and only occasional red zones from organic solvent use. Overall, Etoricoxib methods demonstrated more consistent greenness, while Pregabalin methods showed greater variability due to derivatization requirements. This comparative review highlights the importance of solvent selection, derivatization-free approaches, and greenness evaluation in pharmaceutical analysis. Keywords: Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), pharmaceutical quality control. UV spectrophotometry, Pregabalin (PGB) and Etoricoxib (ETX)
Publication date: 01/07/2026

https://www.ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/July/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10351.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.7.10351