ABSTRACT

The increasing use of sophisticated analytical techniques and organic solvents has sparked growing environmental concerns due to their ecological footprint. Amiodarone, a potent antiarrhythmic agent widely prescribed for managing various cardiac arrhythmias, has been extensively studied through diverse analytical methodologies to ensure accurate quantification in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. This review systematically compiles and evaluates articles focused on the analytical determination of Amiodarone using techniques such as UV spectrophotometry, high -performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), Ultra- Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS), Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Special attention is given to the nature of solvents used and the environmental impact of these procedures. Greenness assessment tools, including Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and AGREE metrics, are employed to assess the ecological compatibility of each technique. This study aims to guide the development and selection of eco-friendly analytical techniques that maintain reliability in Amiodarone analysis while minimizing environmental harm. Keywords: Amiodarone, Antiarrhythmic drugs, HPLC, UPLC-MS, LC-MS/MS, UV spectrophotometry, Greenness assessment, GAPI, AGREE
Publication date: 01/08/2026

https://www.ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/August/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10334.pdf

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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.8.10334