The present work focused on preparing successive solvent extracts of fruit peel of Annona squamosa and
evaluating its anti-diabetic potential using in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay methods. The extraction of the
fruit peel was carried out using n-hexane, ethylacetate, methanol and water. The extraction yield was found
to be 4.35%, 10.25%, 23.80% and 19.81 w/w respectively in the above solvent. The findings of the
phytochemical analysis suggest the presence of alkaloids, saponin, phenolics, flavonoids and sterols the
methanolic and aqeuous extracts. Flavonoids were also found in the ethylacetate extract and the hexane
extracts. The calculation of the total phenolic content revealed 7.55, 25.21, 111.81 and 60.53 GAE mg/g of
phenolics in the hexane, ethylacetate, methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The calculation of the
total flavonoid content revealed 20.03, 27.79, 92.37 and 49.49 QE mg/g of flavonoids in the hexane,
ethylacetate, methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The extracts were tested preliminary for their
anti-diabetic action by assessing their ability to inhibit the activity of ?-amylase enzyme. The ?-amylase
inhibition potential was found to be 1.339 ± 0.523, 12.77 ± 0.494, 38.10 ± 0.135 and 28.26 ± 0.41 % for
hexane, ethylacetate, methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The ?-glucosidase inhibition potential
was studied using in vitro method. The ?-glucosidase inhibition potential was found to be 1.773 ± 0.166,
18.818 ± 0.251, 47.256 ± 0.074 and 33.798 ± 0.438 % for hexane, ethylacetate, methanol and aqueous
extracts respectively.
Keywords: Anti-diabetic, amylase, glucosidase, extraction, Annona squamosa
Publication date: 01/09/2026
https://www.ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/September/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10430.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.9.10430
