Microneedle (MN) technology represents a transformative approach in pharmaceutical science,
offering a minimally invasive, pain-free method for transdermal drug delivery that bypasses
the formidable stratum corneum barrier. This review provides a detailed overview of the
various types of microneedlesvizng solid, coated, hollow, dissolving, and hydrogel-forming
systems—and the diverse materials (polymers, silicon, metals) used in their construction. Key
fabrication techniques, such as micromolding, laser ablation, and 3D printing, are discussed in
the context of their impact on MN performance and scalability. Furthermore, the rigorous
development and evaluation processes are highlighted, encompassing physical and mechanical
characterization (e.g., morphology, insertion efficiency), in vitro and ex vivo permeation
studies, and in vivo assessment of pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy. The article highlights
expanding pharmaceutical applications of MNs, particularly in vaccination, diabetes
management, oncology, and cosmetics, their potential to revolutionize patient care by
improving therapeutic compliance and bioavailability. Despite ongoing challenges in
standardization and clinical translation, continued advancements are poised to establish
microneedles as a mainstream drug delivery platform.
Keywords: Microneedles; Transdermal Drug Delivery; Fabrication; Development; Evaluation;
Polymers; Pharmaceutical Applications
Publication date: 01/11/2026
https://www.ijbpas.com/pdf/2026/November/MS_IJBPAS_2026_10638.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2026/15.11.10638
